Business Naming Basics

Using place names as business names can be advantageous in some instances and almost suicidal in others.

But first, just what are geographic (aka place) names? Most obviously we’re talking about the names of cities, regions, counties, states and countries. We’re also alluding to geographic features such as the names of mountains, deserts, rivers, lakes, and oceans. On a more local level, we find the names of streets, neighborhoods and subdivisions are adopted for business names as well. And on a universal level, adopting the names of planets, stars and galaxies fall into this naming bucket as well. And, place names can have originated in myth and fiction, too

Your Atlas may be a fruitful souce of name candidates

This business naming post has to do with the pros and cons of using these names, and avoiding the pitfalls.

The pros of geographic names

Many geographic place names have established images in the minds of prospects because of their history, location or physical characteristics. These images can be transferred to the company or product named. If relevant, names evoking the old West, or exotic destinations can benefit from those existing images. They usually have stories connected to them – Casablanca, Cheyenne, Rushmore and Atlantis, for instance.

Note, too, that many place names were originally the names of people, so there is often a story connected to those people who were admired enough to have a place named after them. There are the usual suspects like Washington, Lincoln and Jackson, and there are the more obscure like Pontiac, Denver and Raleigh.

Also, many two-part geographical names will have as the second part a type of geographic feature – Lake, Park, Hill, Glen, Brook are examples. These are often combined with personal names as well.

It is also possible to “invent” new words that sound like place names. These will sound and feel familiar even though they are unique. And as long as they are just quirky enough to stand out, they can be memorable as well.

So, geographic business names can be associated with images or stories that conjure good feelings, that feel familiar and that are usually easy to remember, pronounce and spell.

The cons of place names

Have you ever looked for a business in the white pages of a telephone directory? If the name is common to the area, you may have a devil of a time finding the one you want. Fir instance, here in Denver, CO, businesses whose “first name” is Denver occupy 12 columns. Those beginning with Rocky Mountain take up 11 columns. Using the name of geographical places and features local to your business will lead to confusion and certainly doesn’t differentiate your firm. You’re lost in a sea of sameness.

There’s another reason for not naming your business by using local geography. What if you want to expand? That’s what happened to a laser clinic founded 60 miles north of Denver named Poudre Valley Laser. When they opened two Denver area offices, they felt they needed to change their name. They changed it to Colorado Laser Clinic. Sure hope they don’t open offices is Cheyenne or Provo any time soon.

Many entrepreneurs who have no plans of expanding believe a local name will endear them to local people, but I’ve found no reason to think people need to have a business named after their town to be convinced the business is local.

There is an exception to local naming. If the name is chosen because it represents the actual location of the business, the name then serves to give people directions to the firm. And if there aren’t too many people naming their companies with the same location, the name is somewhat unique. Again using Denver as an example, there’s a smart little mini-community occupying several blocks along Pearl Street, so the Pearl Street Café, or Pearl Street Fashions identifies both location and business type. If expansion is not a problem, those names make sense. (But if a lease is lost and the business must move, yes, there is a problem.

That reminds me of a true story, though I don’t know all the particulars. There used to be an annual conference and trade show named the Pittsburg Conference. But for many years it was held in Cleveland. I don’t know the reason they had to move from Pittsburg, but their solution – thought up by engineers no doubt – saved them money while giving participants something to laugh about.

What would INC500 companies do?

As you may know, I’ve analyzed the names of INC500’s Fastest Growing Companies over the past 12 years. I looked at the trends of geographic business names. Over that entire period, only four-percent of all names studied were geographic, and in the last year, just three-percent. Most of those had adopted a local geographical name. Just goes to show you that there’s more to success in business that a successful name.

Anyway, using your locale as part of your name is not a good idea. It exhibits no personality – in reality it’s just a generic name.

On the other hand, by adopting a non-local geographic name with some rich imagery, some rhythm, some psychological trigger, or some romantic story, you may have exactly what you want: a unique, memorable, emotion-evoking name.

Since so few companies have not adapted this naming practice, it may well be a fruitful approach to naming a business today. So get yourself an American Atlas, a World Atlas and an Atlas of the Ancient World.

Mind travel: That’s the ticket.

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Business naming and linguistics – plosives

Business naming can be as easy as having an “aha” moment, or as complicated as introducing the science of linguistics to the naming process and to name evaluation.

Linguistics is a study of language based upon how words are physically formed by vocal cords-lungs-pallet-tongue-lips. It has its own array of distinct definitions for various sounds and how they’re made. There are those who advocate a linguistic approach to naming a company of product, and particularly encourage the use of certain consonants labeled “plosives”.

Plosives burst from the mouth

Plosives are letters that when verbalized require three vocal actions (as described in Wikipedia):

Catch: The airway closes so that no air can escape through the mouth.
Hold or occlusion: The airway stays closed, causing a pressure difference to build.
Release or burst: The closure is opened. In the case of plosives, the released airflow produces a sudden impulse causing an audible sound (hence the name plosive).

The letters from English that meet those characteristics are: B, hard C, D, hard G, K, P and T.

Why are plosives encouraged?

First, they dominate other letters in the words in which they appear. They demand our attention when pronounced. This is particularly so when a plosive begins a word. So several naming companies suggest one criteria of a good name is whether it begins with a plosive. Two names are usually cited as good examples of strong brand names using plosives: Kodak and Coke. Other obvious examples: Die-Hard, Texaco, Pepsi, Brillo and Glade.

Plosive usage by INC 500 companies.

But among the fastest growing U.S. companies, as measured by the Inc 500, business names beginning with a plosive are only slightly more popular than those beginning with other letters. (Recall that I’ve analyzed the names contained in those INC 500 lists for the past 12 years, and that I’m reporting some of the conclusions I’ve reached in this blog.)

In analyzing the first letter of the names, the most significant conclusion about plosive usage among INC 500 is that it appears to be almost random. True, two plosives (C and P) are also top-five first-letters, but P declined in popularity since 2001 and not all C’s used in naming are hard C’s. On average, the use of those seven first-character plosive names has remained stable over the 12-year span, and represents 35% of all company names. In contrast, the use of any seven random characters is 27% on average.

I suggest it’s worth investigating the use of plosives as first-characters in names, but only as a secondary factor. There are certainly other factors more important in name creation and evaluation.

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Every year I analyze the company naming practices of the fast growing private companies listed in the annual INC 500 issue of INC™ Magazine. Then I compare the business naming trends over time – for the past 12 years in fact – 1998 through 2009. This is a 6,000 name universe, less those that show up on the list for multiple years.

Here are a few highlights:

Names incorporating coined words increased 57-percent over the 12-year period, from 23-percent of all names in 1998 to 35-percent in 2009. Coined word names represent 30-percent of all names in the study.

Combined-word names (PowerLight, Staffworks) grew at a faster rate than other coined-word names, going from 27-percent of coined-word names in 1998 to 45-percent in 2009. It was the second most popular category behind Suggestive names in 2009.

Descriptive names decreased from 18-percent in 1998 to 14-percent in 2009. They were bested by Suggestive names in four of the past five years. Even so, they represent the most names over the 12 years.

One-word names increased by 70-percent over the twelve-year span. The number three-word-and-more names declined by 40-percent.

All-in-all, fast growing companies seem to be embracing better naming methods. Particularly the last two factoids are encouraging. Descriptive names, by and large, are indistinctive, and usually result in longer names – usually three-word names. And three-letter names will usually turn into impersonal, undifferentiating sets of initials that are hard to remember even if you might want to remember them.

Now I’m not suggesting that the companies on the INC 500 list got there because they had great names. A great many got there in spite of poor names -Utility Integration Solutions, Integrated Mortgage Solutions, SDV Solutions readily come to mind. So perhaps a company name is not a major ingredient in corporate growth, but adding a great business name to the mix sure doesn’t hurt.

Tags: Name Evaluation // 1 Comment »

If you’ve followed my blog postings concerning business naming, you’ll know I emphasize going for quantity first.

By getting as many word combinations and approaches to naming as you can – not stopping until you have at least a couple of hundred name candidates – you’ll enjoy two advantages. The first, at least a dozen or so candidates that will work as your company name. The second, and probably most important, are the directions that some of the candidates will lead you. They become catalysts for fresh naming ideas that are relevant but novel, the very characteristics I look for in a business name.

One method of creating that long list of candidates involves building a “mind map” of synonyms and associated words. You begin with a characteristic you’d like your name to possess. In the example below, it’s a “sexy name”.

Then think of the obvious words that convey sexy: romance, passion, spicy, etc. Make each one a branch from the sexy name root. Then for each of these sub-branches, list their synonyms. Just take them directly from a good thesaurus like Roget’s 21st Century Thesaurus. (I particularly like this one because of the cross references to concepts, i.e. associated words which I can also add.)

You might also add some sub-branches for animals, flowers, colors, scents, etc. that you think convey sexy.

Now begin combining words from one branch with words from a second branch, then a third, etc. It won’t take but 10 to 20 minutes until you have a large list of candidates, each that might be a name or a path to one.

Tags: Name Development, Name Management, Product Naming // 1 Comment »

Business names that were created prior to the Internet becoming as pervasive as it is now sometimes struggle with their name because their original name is just too long to be used as a domain name.

I believe that’s why we’ve seem many of these traditional marketers using abbreviated names – nick names or a string of initials – in their promotions recently. Otherwize, I don’t see why they’d mess with their name’s equity.

Most recently observed company to take this course of action: American Family Insurance.

Now first of all, even 15 years ago that name was a mouthful. But over time, and especially with the on-going use of the American Family Insurance jingle, the name has become well-known and well-appreciated. But they adopted a short domain name – AmFam – and have begun using that name as well as the long name in their advertising.

I think that just leads to confusion and dilutes the brand.

Even in the environment of texting and twittering I believe the longer, well-known and well-respected American Family Insurance name stands for something they are in danger of losing if they become known as AmFam. That loss is their heritage and their image of a responsible and well-respected insurance company. I personally look for stability and traditional values from my financial services, especially in light of the recent AIG and banking disasters. WaMo didn’t do much for Washington Mutual, did it?

Let me know if your agree or not with my admittedly reactionary response to this nick name approach to being “up-to-date”. Leave your comment below.

Tags: Name Management // Add Comment »

A few days ago I mentioned Google as a naming resource and how you could use the search function to find comprehensive lists of naming terms for about any niche.

Well, there are other ways to use Google to find words and phrases you might find useful when compiling long lists of name candidates.

But first, you need a Google AdWords account. Don’t worry, it’s simple and only costs five dollars. You can get one by clicking here.

Then go to the Google Keyword Tool from your basic Google account page by clicking AdWords, then Tools in the upper row of buttons, and finally, on the Keyword Tool.

The Google Keyword Tool was invented to help those wishing to advertise (Google AdWords) on Google to identify keywords those advertisers could target. The lists compiled through the Google Keyword search facility are relevant words to the main keyword you type into the search box. Be sure to search for synonyms as well as the regular “long-tail” keyword search. Long-tail refers to phrases that are more specific than most one and two word keywords, i.e., “high heeled red pumps” as opposed to the more generic “red shoes”.
So by querying the Google Keyword search function, you will get a hundred
or more words and phrases relevant to your inputted keyword. And then you can search some of the likely candidates you discovered by running them through the search process again. You are drilling down even further to expose more long-tail naming candidates.

You can select the ones you wish to “keep” and save them to a text file or a .csv (Excel) file. An example of such a selection, based upon the keyword “score”, is presented on the left. The words gleaned from this search offer additional fields to plow for even more relevant words and phrases you may use in naming a business or product. In the case of the example to the left, 17 candidates were found in an initial list of 100-plus in about 15 minutes, less than one candidate a minute.

Thus, you are adding to the list of name candidates. And remember, the longer the list, the more likely a super name will emerge.

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Business and product names can carry a certain mystique or even a classy tone if derived from foreign words.

Good Taste in seven languages

But there are some warnings. First, be sure the phrases generated are pronounceable in English. And second, be sure to have a native of the country you’ve “borrowed” the name candidate from look at the name for any problems in the translation. Sometimes context will dictate the meanings in other languages just as they do here (what does “mean” mean?).

So if you don’t know Italian, French, Spanish, etc., how do you explore foreign-derived words and phrases?

Well, one way is to use the many published foreign phrase dictionaries. I own four or five. But the problem is that it’s difficult to find translations of the words you want to specifically use. You need to know something of the foreign language because they’re arranged alphabetically by foreign phrase.

You can also use a good English-to-French or English-to-Dutch dictionary for single words. But it’s time-consuming, particularly if you’re attempting to develop names based on a phrase.

Well, there’s a better way – a way only the Internet could provide. There’s a site called SDL|Translation that allows you to type in an English phrase, select translating language and click for translations.

In fact, for any particular language you can enter multiple phrases and words in English, click and get translations for each that you’ve entered. You can copy your English list and paste it into the Spanish translator, get your results and paste the list into the Chinese translator, and then another and another.

And, yes, the service is free.

So if you want to explore relevant words and phrases in foreign languages, try SDL|Translations.

Bonne oeuvre

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Here are the highlights from a scan of last week’s (Aug 2-10) business naming blogs.

• Luxury Brand Naming on Ketchup?

August 11, 2009
- The economy is like a boat in that we all rise and fall with the tide, even stalwards like Tiffany and Rollex.

• Greedy Guccis Barred from Using the Gucci Brand Name for Their Product Naming

August 11, 2009
- Oh, what tangled webs we weave!

• Why We Love Coining New Product Names From "Twitter"

August 11, 2009

• Natural Product Naming Rids Kimberly-Clark of the Kleercut "Brand"

August 11, 2009
- As I’ve said before, naming and branding “green” is no longer a differentiator. Now consumers are expecting products to be responsible – all products. And with the dubious claims for being environmentally friendly just because you’ve gone to a less substantial plasic bottle, no one is convinced of manufacturer claims.

• Go Go Godzilla!: Don’t Mess with Toho Co, They Protect Their Mark Fiercely

August 11, 2009
- Trademarks are sometimes difficult for the courts to judge. How far will Godzilla go? Is Filezilla next?

Tags: Naming Issues // Add Comment »

Naming help can come from your good friend, Google.

By searching for your “trigger” word followed by “+names”, you can find many specialized lists of names that might be adopted for your business or product name.

And remember, the more name candidates you can generate, the more likely a great name will surface.

For example, if you want to explore using bird names, your search for “birds+names” would bring up several very relevant web sites. One site in this category brought me to Cal Photos where hundreds of birds from around the world are named – and photos provided.

Starling, Mallard, Grosbeak or Sparrow might be a good business name

Another site provided Obsolete English Names of North American Birds
and Their Modern Equivalents

While another brought up not only a list of bird names but also the “group” names to which they belong. (We know about bevies of quail, but did you know about convocations of eagles and wedges of swans?)

And then there’s the authority site, Ornithology.com, where six or seven different sources of bird names are linked.

Well, you get the idea. And if you don’t get many “hits” by adding “+name”, you can try “+list” or “+identify”. Each subject will have a different set of nomenclature, and people passionate enough to compile comprehensive name lists. But a five-minute Google search ought to identify many naming ideas.

Google is indeed a great naming resource.

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Name generators are special databases attached to software that allow you to combine the words that are stored in those databases to form new words, aka names. There are many, many such web sites available.

Several of the naming generators available at Seventh Sanctum

A quick and easy way to find and use name generators is a special site all about name generators. It’s called Seventh Sanctum and it’s an authority site and directory for name generators of all types, both those they’ve created and scores of others. Another great thing: it’s free to use.

If you’ve been following this blog at all – and thank you if you have been – you know I advocate generating long name candidate lists, lists that have been generated from a variety of sources. Name generators help you populate those lists, and often times surprise you with real gems.

Not all of the name generators listed at Seventh Sanctum are appropriate for brand names – some are for naming cats, rock bands and Star War aliases. But they’re so simple to use that you won’t waste much time seeing if three or four of them might be of some help. Quality of results vary – some just generate random strings of letters. But there are some surprisingly fruitful ones.

Explore, even the ones you’d normally shun. You just never know when or where the “right” name will pop up.

Seventh Sanctum even provides directions for constructing your own generators. So if you have collected different types of words for use in naming like I have, you might be interested in making them databases you can call up and mix and match with other data-based word collections.

Tags: Name Evaluation, Naming Resources // 2 Comments »